Realtime Systems Deep Dive: Polling, WebSockets, SSE, and Pub/Sub Explained
A deep-dive guide to every realtime communication pattern: polling, long polling, SSE, WebSockets, and Pub/Sub — with code, trade-offs, and when to use…
System Design
8 articles
Building Scalable Systems: Caching, Rate Limiting, and Observability
Learn how to build production-grade scalable systems with caching strategies, rate limiting algorithms, and full-stack observability using OpenTelemetry.
Modern Next.js: The Complete Guide to App Router, Server Components, and Full-Stack Architecture
Master modern Next.js architecture: App Router, layouts, Server Components, API Routes, and Server Actions with real production patterns and code examples.
Next.js Explained: Why It Became the Default React Framework
Learn why Next.js was created, how it solves React's core limitations with SSR, SSG, Server Components, and file-based routing, and when to use it.
How Instagram Efficiently Manages Media Storage for Reels and Drafts
Learn how Instagram stores and manages media efficiently, from local drafts to cloud uploads.
How WhatsApp Works Without Internet: Offline Messaging and Sync Explained
Understand how WhatsApp supports messaging without internet through offline storage, queuing, and sync methods for reliability.
How Instagram, WhatsApp, Uber & Netflix Would Be Built Today Using Expo Router
Learn how to architect production-grade React Native apps like Instagram, WhatsApp, Uber & Netflix using Expo Router, feature modules, and realtime…
How I Broke Down WhatsApp's System Design — And What I Learned Along the Way
Understand WhatsApp system design: requirements, architecture, databases, scaling, encryption, protocols, and failure handling insights