System Design
Realtime Systems Deep Dive: Polling, WebSockets, SSE, and Pub/Sub Explained
Polling, long polling, Server-Sent Events, WebSockets and Pub/Sub compared, with code, trade-offs and guidance on when to use each.
System Design
How large systems are put together: caching, rate limiting and observability, realtime messaging with polling, WebSockets and Pub/Sub, and full design walkthroughs such as a WhatsApp-style chat system.
3 articles
All System Design articles
System Design
Building Scalable Systems: Caching, Rate Limiting, and Observability
Learn how to build production-grade scalable systems with caching strategies, rate limiting algorithms, and full-stack observability using OpenTelemetry.
System Design
How I Broke Down WhatsApp's System Design — And What I Learned Along the Way
Understand WhatsApp system design: requirements, architecture, databases, scaling, encryption, protocols, and failure handling insights